Seven forms (vitamers) of vitamin B6 are known:
- Pyridoxine (PN), the form most commonly given as vitamin B6 supplement
- Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP)
- Pyridoxal (PL)
- Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the metabolically active form (sold as 'P-5-P' vitamin supplement)
- Pyridoxamine (PM)
- Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP)
- 4-Pyridoxic acid (PA), the catabolite which is excreted in the urine
All forms except PA cannot be interconverted.[1] Absorbed pyridoxamine is converted to PMP by pyridoxal kinase, which is further converted to PLP by pyridoxamine-phosphate transaminase or pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase[2] which also catalyzes the conversion of PNP to PLP. Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase is dependent on flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a cofactor which is produced from riboflavin (vitamin B2) i.e. in this biochemical pathway, dietary vitamin B6 cannot be used without vitamin B2.
Functions[edit]
PLP, the metabolically active form of vitamin B6, is involved in many aspects of macronutrient metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, histamine synthesis, hemoglobin synthesis and function, and gene expression. PLP generally serves as a coenzyme (cofactor) for many reactions including decarboxylation, transamination, racemization, elimination, replacement, and beta-group interconversion.[3] The liver is the site for vitamin B6 metabolism.
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