Acetic acid systematically named ethanoic acid , is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H or C2H4O2). It is a colourless liquid that when undiluted is also called glacial acetic acid. Vinegar is roughly 3 %-9 % acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water. Acetic acid has a distinctive sour taste and pungent smell.
Besides its production as household vinegar, it is mainly produced as a precursor to polyvinylacetate andcellulose acetate. Although it is classified as a weak acid, concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and can attack the skin.
Acetic acid is the second simplest carboxylic acid (after formic acid) and is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical, mainly used in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film and polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, as well as synthetic fibers and fabrics. In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents.
| Properties |
|---|
Molecular formula |
C2H4O2 |
| Molar mass | 60.05 g·mol1 |
| Appearance | Colourless liquid |
| Odor | Pungent/Vinegar-like |
| Density | 1.049 g cm3 |
| Melting point | 16 to 17 °C; 61 to 62 °F; 289 to 290 K |
| Boiling point | 118 to 119 °C; 244 to 246 °F; 391 to 392 K |
Solubility in water |
Miscible |
| log P | -0.322 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 4.76 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 9.198 (basicity of acetate ion) |
Refractive index(nD) |
1.371 |
| Viscosity | 1.22 mPa s |
| Dipole moment | 1.74 D |
| Thermochemistry |
|---|
Specific
heat capacity (C) |
123.1 J K1 mol1 |
Std molar
entropy (So298) |
158.0 J K1 mol1 |
Std enthalpy of
formation(ΔfHo298) |
-483.88--483.16 kJ mol1 |
Std enthalpy of
combustion(ΔcHo298) |
-875.50--874.82 kJ mol1 |
| Hazards |
|---|
| MSDS | External MSDS |
Specification:-
Item | Technical Grade |
| high-class | First-class | Qualified |
| Glacial Acetic Acid,% | 99.8min | 99.5min | 99min |
| Color | 10 max | 20max | 30max |
| Formic acid content ,% | 0.15max | 0.20max | -- |
| Acetaldehyde content, % | 0.03max | 0.05max | 0.10max |
| Formaldehyde content ,% | 0.05max | 0.10max | 0.30max |
| Residue on evaporation, % | 0.01max | 0.02max | 0.03max |
| Iron(fe) ,% | 0.000 04max | 0.000 2max | 0.000 4max |
Application:-
Acetic acid is a chemical reagent for the production of chemical compounds. The largest single use of acetic acid is in the production of vinyl acetate monomer, closely followed by ester production. The volume of acetic acid used in vinegar is comparatively small.
The major use of acetic acid is for the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM). In 2008, this application was estimated to consume one third of the world's production of acetic acid.
Glacial acetic acid is an excellent polar protic solvent, as noted above. It is frequently used as a solvent for recrystallization to purify organic compounds. Acetic acid is used as asolvent in the production of terephthalic acid (TPA), the raw material for polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Acetic acid is often used as a solvent for reactions involving carbocations, such as Friedel-Crafts alkylation. For example, one stage in the commercial manufacture of syntheticcamphor involves a Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of camphene to isobornyl acetate; here acetic acid acts both as a solvent and as a nucleophile to trap the rearrangedcarbocation
Glacial acetic acid is used in analytical chemistry for the estimation of weakly alkaline substances such as organic amides.Glacial acetic acid is a much weaker base than water, so the amide behaves as a strong base in this medium. It then can be titrated using a solution in glacial acetic acid of a very strong acid, such as perchloric acid.
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